Zbigniew Michalewicz and David B Fogel, How to Solve It

Despite the title, this is not really in the tradition of Polya's classic.  Whereas Polya offered a toolkit of intellectual strategies for tackling problems, Michalewicz and Fogel focus on computational strategies for intractable problems, primarily optimisation problems.  However, like Polya's work, this is far from a simple cookbook.  It offers an armoury of heuristic techniques for your toolbox, but stresses that they are strategies and concepts rather than trying to offer you a canned implementation.  When you consider that, for example, neural network get just one chapter out of 15, it's clear that the authors are trying to give you breadth not depth.

That said, I did think there was too much focus on the authors' three specimen problems (satisfiability, the travelling salesman problem and non-linear programming).  It would have been nice to see the techniques applies to a wider range of problems.  To be fair, though, the specimen problems are representative of a pretty wide field of intractable problems, so the information on applying strategies to particular problems should be applicable to the majority real-world situations.

So well worth reading alongside, not instead of Polya.  Polya will help you figure out how to use the tools at your disposal, but Michaewicz and Fogel will help you ensure you have the most up-to-date tools.